Abstract
In the commentary, the author analyses the Supreme Court judgement of 23 March 2017 regarding the guarantee of payment for the construction works regulated in Art. 6491–6495 of the Civil Code. The main axis of the commentary is the possibility to withdraw from a construction works contract in the event of the investor’s failure to provide a requested payment guarantee and the nature of the legal relationship arising as a result of this request. Moreover, the commentary also addresses validity of the reservation of a contractual penalty if the contractor withdraws from the construction contract as a result of failure to obtain a guarantee of payment. The author approves the position presented by the Supreme Court in the analyzed judgement.